MLA (Modern Language Association) style uses an author-page number format for in-text citations: (Author #). Page numbers match with the point in the resource a quotation or paraphrase was taken. If the author’s name is included within the text of your paper, then the page number alone is included in the parentheses. If the author’s name is not mentioned in the text, then both the author’s last name and the page number is included in the parentheses. Every source that you cited in-text within your document should be included in the alphabetical works cited at the end of your document.
One author
Umoja Noble describes how algorithms in search engines can be used to reinforce oppressive societal structures (18).
Algorithms used in search engines can be used to reinforce oppressive social structures (Umoja Noble 18).
Multiple authors
If a work has two authors, then include both names every time the reference occurs in the text.
Anzaldúa and Keating propose that ...
For a work with three or more authors, include the name of only the first author plus "et al." in every citation. If the in-text citations of multiple works with three or more authors shorten to the same form, write out as many names as needed to distinguish the references.
Watanabe, Gonzalez, Patel, et al.
Watanabe, Gonzalez, Zucker, et al.
The Works cited is your bibliography or works reference page. Citations in your references should be in alphabetical order by author last name. For more than one work by the same author, list the earliest publication first.
Authored book with a DOI
Brown, Laura S. Feminist Therapy (2nd Ed.). American Psychological Association, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000092-000.
Authored book, without a DOI
hooks, bell. Where we stand: Class matters. Routledge, 2000.
Book chapter
For a chapter in an authored book, include the editor name and title of the book the chapter is found within.
Wilkerson, Isabel. "1914-1919 The Great Migration." Four hundred souls: A community history of African America, 1619-2019, edited by Ibram X. Kendi & Keisha N. Blain, One World, 2021, 303-308.
Reference book
"Ideology." The American Heritage Dictionary. 3rd ed. 1997.
Entry in an online reference work
Graham, George, "Behaviorism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2023 Edition), Edward N. Zalta & Uri Nodelman (eds.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2023/entries/behaviorism/.
Entry in an online reference work, no individual author or editor
"Peer review." Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved September 27, 2023, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/peer%20review
Government report
United States, Government Accountability Office. Climate Change: EPA and DOE Should Do More to Encourage Progress Under Two Voluntary Programs. Government Printing Office, 2006.
Journal Article with One Author
Lim, Sook. “How and Why Do College Students Use Wikipedia?” Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, vol. 60, no. 11, 2009, pp. 2189–202. Wiley Online Library, https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21142.
Journal Article with Two Authors
Rice, Prudence M., and Katherine E. South. “Revisiting Monkeys on Pots: A Contextual Consideration of Primate Imagery on Classic Lowland Maya Pottery.” Ancient Mesoamerica, vol. 26, no. 2, 2015, pp. 275–94.
Journal Article with Multiple Authors
Jones, T. Stephen, et al. “Morbidity and Mortality Associated with the July 1980 Heat Wave in St Louis and Kansas City, Mo.” Jama, vol. 247, no. 24, 1982, pp. 3327–31.
Conference presentation
Saleh, N., et al. “Women’s Empowerment in Post-Conflict Housing Reconstruction in Palestine.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 1101, no. 2, Nov. 2022, p. 022033. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/2/022033.
Entire Website
Fogline Farm. http://www.foglinefarm.com/. Accessed 3 October 2023.
Webpage
“Athlete's Foot - Topic Overview.” WebMD, 25 Sept. 2014, www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/athletes-foot-topic-overview.
“Artificial Intelligence in Teaching.” Teaching and Learning Information Center, August 2023, https://drupal8demos.umd.edu/. Accessed 3 Oct. 2023.
Youtube Video
McGonigal, Jane. “Gaming and Productivity.” YouTube, uploaded by Big Think, 3 July 2012, www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkdzy9bWW3E.
Newspaper Article
Brubaker, Bill. "New Health Center Targets County's Uninsured Patients." Washington Post, 24 May 2007, p. LZ01.
If the article is from a small, regional or local paper, include the location.
Noia, Ali. “The Legacy of the Tabby Cat: Santa Cruz Says Goodbye to Cafe and Organizing Space.” City on a Hill Press [Santa Cruz, CA], 6 June 2023, https://cityonahillpress.com/2023/06/06/the-legacy-of-the-tabby-cat-santa-cruz-says-goodbye-to-cafe-and-organizing-space/.
Mendez, Destiny. “Re: Online Tutoring.” Received by Jill Liu, 1 Dec. 2016.
Interviews
Personal
Smith, Jane. Personal interview. 19 May 2014.
Published
Gaitskill, Mary. Interview with Charles Bock. Mississippi Review, vol. 27, no. 3, 1999, pp. 129-50.
For more in-depth assistance regarding citations and citing sources, the resources linked below provide information on formatting a paper, integrating citations, and how to cite less commonly cited sources of information
**Please check with your instructor to ensure that they will accept the use of AI generated content as a source of information.
AI generated content is continually evolving and citation styles for this type of information may also change over time. As of September 2023, below are the guidelines provided by the American Psychological Association.
For AI generated content such as ChatGPT, credit the author of the algorithm with a reference list entry and the corresponding in-text citation.
In-Text
When prompted with “Is the left brain right brain divide real or a metaphor?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that although the two brain hemispheres are somewhat specialized, “the notation that people can be characterized as ‘left-brained’ or ‘right-brained’ is considered to be an oversimplification and a popular myth” (OpenAI, 2023).
Reference
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
The land on which we gather is the unceded territory of the Awaswas-speaking Uypi Tribe. The Amah Mutsun Tribal Band, comprised of the descendants of indigenous people taken to missions Santa Cruz and San Juan Bautista during Spanish colonization of the Central Coast, is today working hard to restore traditional stewardship practices on these lands and heal from historical trauma.
The land acknowledgement used at UC Santa Cruz was developed in partnership with the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band Chairman and the Amah Mutsun Relearning Program at the UCSC Arboretum.
Santa Cruz, CA